ùPARA ÅPAR@ ` ╧TEXT ` ┴Roosevelt, Eleanor1884╨1962writer, diplomat, humanitarian and First LadyBorn in New York City on October 11, 1884, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt came of a prominent, well established family. Her parents died during her childhood, and she grew up in the home of her grandmother, who sent her to be schooled in England. In March 1905 she married a distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt; she was given away by her uncle, President Theodore Roosevelt. She provided constant support and aid to her husband in his career, particularly after his crippling attack of polio in 1921 and during his long convalescence. While rearing six children, she cultivated an interest in social causes, politics, and public affairs. She was in particular an active member of the Women╒s Trade Union League and the Democratic party. From 1927 she was a part owner and acting vice-principal of and teacher of sociology, economics, and government at the Todhunter School in New York City. Roosevelt gradually won recognition for her political acumen, and by the time of her husband╒s election as governor of New York in 1928 they were acknowledged a political team. With his election to the presidency in 1932 she began 12 years as First Lady, during which she shattered many precedents, set many more, and made her position one of great, if unofficial, influence. She held the first press conference by a First Lady in 1933 and continued to hold them on a regular basis. For a time she broadcast regular 15-minute radio programs of political commentary. Her syndicated newspaper column, ╥My Day,╙ which she wrote for many years beginning in 1936, changed in emphasis from women╒s affairs to public affairs about 1939. In that year she used it to announce her resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution in consequence of that organization╒s refusal to allow Marian Anderson the use of its Constitution Hall for a concert because of her race. In 1941 her column ╥If You Ask Me╙ began appearing in the Ladies╒ Home Journal. Because of her husband╒s disability much of the ceremonial and public relations work of the presidency, particularly the inspection of government works projects and the political fence-mending trips, devolved upon her, and in these travels she was able to serve as his ╥eyes and ears.╙ She actively promoted liberal causes, youth movements, and social betterment, and she worked effectively for civilian defense early in World War II. In all she succeeded in becoming nearly as controversial a figure as her husband. During the war she traveled to virtually every front to visit troops. Soon after President Roosevelt╒s death in 1945 Eleanor Roosevelt was named a delegate to the United Nations by President Harry S. Truman. As chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights from 1946, she took a central role in drafting and securing the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. She resigned her post in 1952 and for the next ten years traveled constantly, promoting her chosen causes, particularly the work of the UN. She was welcomed by heads of state around the world and was widely acknowledged to be the world╒s most admired woman. She remained active in Democratic politics, speaking at party conventions and campaigning in the party╒s behalf; she wielded considerable influence in the party╒s liberal and reform wings, particularly in New York State. Roosevelt wrote prolifically, both books and articles; among her books were This Is My Story, 1937, My Days, a collection of her newspaper columns, 1938, The Moral Basis of Democracy, 1940, This I Remember, 1949, On My Own, 1958, You Learn by Living, 1960, and The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, 1961. In 1961 she was reappointed to the U.S. delegation to the United Nations by President John F. Kennedy. She died in New York City on November 7, 1962.Movie: Roosevelt talks about her life in the 1958 documentary ╥A Conversation with Eleanor Roosevelt,╙ produced by Encyclopaedia Britannica Films. Ästyl ` ! ¬ 5¬ 5¬ L !I ═ 5¬ ╬ !I G !I ▐ V !I ╓ !I Ω !I ε 5¬ ∩ !I
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